today's howtos
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University of Toronto ☛ The profusion of things that could be in your $PATH on old Unixes
In the beginning, which is to say the early days of Bell Labs Research Unix, life was simple and there was only /bin. Soon afterwards that disk ran out of space and we got /usr/bin (and all of /usr), and some people might even have put /etc on their $PATH. When UCB released BSD Unix, they added /usr/ucb as a place for (some of) their new programs and put some more useful programs in /etc (and at some point there was also /usr/etc); now you had three or four $PATH entries. When window systems showed up, people gave them their own directories too, such as /usr/bin/X11 or /usr/openwin/bin, and this pattern was followed by other third party collections of programs, with (for example) /usr/bin/mh holding all of the (N)MH programs (if you installed them there). A bit later, SunOS 4.0 added /sbin and /usr/sbin and other Unixes soon copied them, adding yet more potential $PATH entries.
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ID Root ☛ How To Install Samba on CentOS Stream 10
Samba is an essential open-source software suite that enables file and print services across different operating systems. It uses the SMB (Server Message Block)/CIFS (Common Internet File System) protocol, allowing seamless file sharing between Linux, Unix, and backdoored Windows systems. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed walkthrough on how to install Samba on CentOS Stream 10. >
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Net2 ☛ How to Manage Ubuntu Boot Services: List, Start, and Stop Systemd Services at Startup
Services, also known as daemons, are background programs and scripts that provide essential functionalities, such as database services like MySQL, or web server capabilities (e.g., Tomcat). As the number of services installed and running increases overtime, it can become challenging to keep track of all active applications.
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Net2 ☛ Linux PDF Merge and Split: How to Combine and Separate PDF Documents
This concise article will demonstrate how to combine or separate PDF files using both command-line and graphical user interface (GUI) tools. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced GNU/Linux user, you will find these methods accessible and efficient.
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Net2 ☛ How to fix high memory usage in Ubuntu
If you’ve observed your computer’s performance degrading, becoming noticeably slower, the reason might be applications silently consuming excessive memory. It’s also conceivable that certain system services are utilizing more Random Access Memory (RAM) than expected, even though GNU/Linux incorporates an integrated memory management system designed to optimize performance by allocating unused memory for disk caching.
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Tom's Hardware ☛ How to Convert Texts into 3D Models
Learn how to extrude text and use simple text prompts to create detailed 3D models.
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TecMint ☛ How to Set Up ProtonVPN on Debian 12
In this guide, I’ll show you how to install and set up ProtonVPN on Debian 12 (Bookworm) with the GNOME desktop environment, but it should also work with most distributions based on Debian (not Ubuntu Server or Raspbian), but they are not officially supported.
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TecMint ☛ How to Install TensorFlow on Ubuntu 24.04
If you are using an Ubuntu machine and want to set up TensorFlow, this guide will walk you through the process of installing and using TensorFlow on your system.
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Linux Journal ☛ Linux Networking Protocols: Understanding TCP/IP, UDP, and ICMP
In the world of GNU/Linux networking, protocols play a crucial role in enabling seamless communication between devices. Whether you're browsing the internet, streaming videos, or troubleshooting network issues, underlying networking protocols such as TCP/IP, UDP, and ICMP are responsible for the smooth transmission of data packets. Understanding these protocols is essential for system administrators, network engineers, and even software developers working with networked applications.
This article provides an exploration of the key GNU/Linux networking protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). We will examine their working principles, advantages, differences, and practical use cases in GNU/Linux environments.
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Linux Journal ☛ Streamline Your Logs: Exploring Rsyslog for Effective System Log Management on Ubuntu
In the world of system administration, effective log management is crucial for troubleshooting, security monitoring, and ensuring system stability. Logs provide valuable insights into system activities, errors, and security incidents. Ubuntu, like most GNU/Linux distributions, relies on a logging mechanism to track system and application events.
One of the most powerful logging systems available on Ubuntu is Rsyslog. It extends the traditional syslog functionality with advanced features such as filtering, forwarding logs over networks, and log rotation. This article provides guide on managing system logs with Rsyslog on Ubuntu, covering installation, configuration, remote logging, troubleshooting, and advanced features.