today's howtos
-
How to Install PHP 7.4 on Fedora 37/36/35
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to import the REMI PHP Module and install PHP 7.4 on Fedora 37/36/35 server or workstation desktop, along with some tips about configuring Nginx with FPM using the command line terminal.
PHP 7.4 is the last minor release of the 7.x release. It brought a lot of language changes and improvements. Most notable among these are the spread operator in array expressions, arrow functions 2.0, and the null coalescing assignment operator. This release introduces typed properties 2.0, weak references, covariant returns and contravariant parameters, preloading, and a new custom object serialization mechanism. PHP 7.4 significantly improved from PHP 7.3, with many users still using it in their stacks.
-
Beginners Guide for Export Command in Linux
Whenever you start a new shell session (by opening a terminal), a set of environment variables is loaded from the shell configuration file into your current shell session.
These environment variables determine different customizations in your shell, like the default editor using “$EDITOR“, or setting “$PATH“, where your shell will search for system binaries.
The values of these variables are predefined by your system, but you can easily manipulate them and load the modified changes in your current shell session without restarting or opening a new terminal session using the export command.
In layman’s terms, the export command is used to create environment variables or update variable values in the current shell session by newly forked child processes without starting a new shell session.
-
Beginners Guide for PS Command in Linux
The PS, a.k.a. “process status”, is a native command-line utility for UNIX-based systems to monitor the currently running processes in your system.
It reads the information from the virtual files in the /proc filesystem and gives the running processes information like memory consumption, CPU usage, PID, command name, etc.
The output of this command varies depending on the running processes and the parameter used to view the list of processes.
-
How to Run a (.sh) Shell Script in Linux [for Beginners]
-
Rubenerd: Speeding up FreeBSD jail start times
I love FreeBSD jails. They predate Docker et.al. by more than a decade, and I’d say they’re still more useful under most circumstances; especially when one uses them in conjunction with OpenZFS.
Their only source of frustration for me has been slow starts, to the point where some jails are beaten by VMs on my bhyve and Xen boxes. It happens so infrequently that I never bothered to check why; it was just something I noticed on my personal machines.
-
How to Upgrade Apache on Ubuntu 22.04/20.04
n the following tutorial, you will learn how to Upgrade Apache Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish or Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa desktop or server using the custom third-party repository by Ondrey Sury, who is most known for his PHP maintainer work Debian/Ubuntu.
Assuming you are using Ubuntu LTS, you are likely using an Apache version that is often older than the actual stable by the Apache Foundation. By using an older version of Apache, you are missing out on new features and improvements that have been made to the software. In addition, non-security-related bug fixes are not included in Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that your web server may be less stable than it could be. The easiest option for most users without compiling Apache is to install the latest version using a third-party repository source, which in this case, the third-party repository by Ondřej Surý.
-
How to install Virtualbox 7 on Rocky Linux /Alma Linux /Red Hat 9
Virtualbox is an application belonging to Oracle with which we can create virtual machines on our desktop but from a modern and easy to use graphical interface.
This means that any user, no matter how novice, can in a matter of minutes creates and manage a virtual machine to install other operating systems. For what purpose? For testing, development and so on.
VirtualBox is quite popular and therefore has an active development that makes it ideal in numerous instances. Version 7 has already been released, so it’s a good idea to know how to install it to get the latest updates.
-
How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Rocky Linux 9
Are you looking for an easy guide on how to install PostgreSQL 15?
The step-by-step guide on this page will show you how to install PostgreSQL 15 on Rocky Linux 9.
PostgreSQL is a free and open-source RDBMS (relational database management system). It offers SQL language support and can be used for managing database and performing CRUD operations like Create Read Update Delete.
-
How to Add a Directory to the $PATH Variable in Linux
In Linux, whenever you want to execute any executable program or script, you need to jump into the directory and execute your program or script.
But when you execute system commands like ls, pwd, echo, apt, and nano, you don’t need to jump into any directory; you can run them from anywhere, and any user can run them.
Why does this happen?
The answer is pretty simple; whenever you execute any commands in your system without specifying the command’s relative or absolute positioning, the shell will search for the specified command in the directories specified in the $PATH variable, and then it will look for the current directory.
So, whenever you execute the ls or apt commands, the system will search for them in the directories specified in the $PATH variable and return you the output.
-
How to Shrink Long or Multiple Commands into a Single Short Command
Do you still type the long “sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y” commands each time you want to update your Debian-based system?
Or are you still navigating into directories (ex: “/var/www/html“) using the cd command each time you have to modify something there?
Instead of typing these long commands, you can shrink them into a single short command and use that to execute it each time as it requires.
-
Beginners Guide for Alias Command in Linux
In Linux, the alias command is used to create shortcuts for long commands that have the same functionality as if you were writing the whole command.
This way, you can improve your productivity and save time by creating a few aliases for the long or multiple commands (with or without options) that you use often.
-
Beginners Guide for Eval Command in Linux
The eval command is used to execute specified arguments as a single command in the current command-line processing and return its result.
It will combine (or construct) the arguments into a single string and use it as input to the shell, which will execute the resulting commands in the current shell environment.
-
Beginners Guide for WC Command in Linux
The WC command is used to count various parameters from the specified file, like the number of lines, word counts, byte counts, character counts, and many more.
-
How to Count String Occurrences in a Text File
The GUI text editor gives you a separate panel in the footer to inform you of the number of words, lines, and characters in your text file.
Even though you can easily find the number of strings that occurred in your text file using this GUI text editor, things take a turn when you are talking about the command line.
Here, you cannot find anything in a few clicks; instead, you need to know the commands to find the number of string occurrences in a text file.
-
Absolute vs Relative Path in UNIX/Linux
In Linux, you might already be navigating through different directories without knowing whether an absolute or relative path is being used.
It becomes important for you to understand them when you are working with scripts, navigating through different user or root directories, or creating symbolic links.
-
What is Bash Shell in Linux?
Before understanding what is Bash shell, you must be familiar with the concepts of a command-line interpreter and Linux Shell (or sh).
-
Beginners Guide for Bash Command in Linux
The bash (Bourne-Again SHell) is a sh-compatible command-line interpreter that reads from standard input or from a file and gives you the resulting output.
We have already written an article about bash and its differences from the standard POSIX shell.
Today, you will learn how to use the bash command in Linux with different options to run commands or scripts.