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Bash-5.2 Release available

posted by Roy Schestowitz on Sep 27, 2022

Introduction
============

The first public release of bash-5.2 is now available with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-5.2.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-5.2.tar.gz
and from the master branch of the bash git repository (http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/log/) and the usual GNU mirror sites.
Bash is the GNU Project's Bourne Again SHell, a complete implementation of the POSIX shell spec, but also with interactive command line editing, job control on architectures that support it, csh-like features such as history substitution and brace expansion, and a slew of other features. For more information on the features of Bash that are new to this type of shell, see the file `doc/bashref.texi'. There is also a large Unix-style man page. The man page is the definitive description of the shell's features.
This tar file includes the formatted documentation (pdf, postscript, dvi, info, and html, plus nroffed versions of the manual pages).
Please use `bashbug' to report bugs with this version. It is built and installed at the same time as bash.
Installation ============
Please read the README file first.
Installation instructions are provided in the INSTALL file.
New Features ============
This is an update to the fifth major release of bash.
Read the file NEWS in the bash-5.2 distribution for a complete description of the new features. A copy of the relevant portions is included below.
This release fixes several outstanding bugs in bash-5.1 and introduces a number of new features.
There are a number of bug fixes, including several bugs that caused the shell to crash. Complete details are available in the CHANGES file.
The most notable new feature is the rewritten command substitution parsing code, which calls the bison parser recursively. This replaces the ad-hoc parsing used in previous versions, and allows better syntax checking and catches syntax errors much earlier. The shell attempts to do a much better job of parsing and expanding array subscripts only once; this has visible effects in the `unset' builtin, word expansions, conditional commands, and other builtins that can assign variable values as a side effect. The `unset' builtin allows a subscript of `@' or `*' to unset a key with that value for associative arrays instead of unsetting the entire array (which you can still do with `unset arrayname'). There is a new shell option, `patsub_replacement'. When enabled, a `&' in the replacement string of the pattern substitution expansion is replaced by the portion of the string that matched the pattern. Backslash will escape the `&' and insert a literal `&'. This option is enabled by default. Bash suppresses forking in several additional cases, including most uses of $( All the new features are described below.
Readline has new features as well. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of the active region and bracketed-paste. It has the same default value as bracketed-paste, and enabling bracketed paste enables the active region. Users can now turn off the active region while leaving bracketed paste enabled. Two new bindable string variables are available; their values are terminal escape sequences that set the color used to display the active region and turn it off, respectively. If set, these are used in place of terminal standout mode. Finally, Readline now checks for changes to locale settings (LC_ALL/LC_CTYPE/ LANG) each time it is called, and modifies the appropriate locale-specific display and key binding variables when the locale changes.
There are a few incompatible changes between bash-5.1 and bash-5.2. Here- documents and here-strings use temporary files if the shell compatibility level is 50 or lower. The `unset' builtin in bash-5.2 treats array subscripts `@' and `*' differently than previous versions, and differently depending on whether the array is indexed or associative. Bash-5.2 attempts to prevent double-expansion of array subscripts under certain circumstances, especially arithmetic evaluation, by acting as if the `assoc_expand_once' shell option were set. Set the compatibility level appropriately to revert to previous behavior; details are in the file COMPAT.
Bash can be linked against an already-installed Readline library rather than the private version in lib/readline if desired. Only readline-8.1 and later versions are able to provide all of the symbols that bash-5.2 requires; earlier versions of the Readline library will not work correctly.
A complete list of changes between bash-5.1 and bash-5.2 is available in the file CHANGES; the complete list is too large to include in this message.
Readline ========
Also available is a new release of the standalone Readline library, version 8.2, with its own configuration scripts and Makefiles. It can be retrieved with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/readline-8.2.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-8.2.tar.gz
and from the master branch of the GNU readline git repository (http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/readline.git/log/) and the usual GNU mirror sites.
The formatted Readline documentation is included in the readline distribution tar file.
The changes in Readline are described in a separate announcement.
As always, thanks for your help.
Chet
+========== NEWS ==========+ This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.2 since the release of bash-5.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.
1. New Features in Bash
a. The bash malloc returns memory that is aligned on 16-byte boundaries.
b. There is a new internal timer framework used for read builtin timeouts.
c. Rewrote the command substitution parsing code to call the parser recursively and rebuild the command string from the parsed command. This allows better syntax checking and catches errors much earlier. Along with this, if command substitution parsing completes with here-documents remaining to be read, the shell prints a warning message and reads the here-document bodies from the current input stream.
d. The `ulimit' builtin now treats an operand remaining after all of the options and arguments are parsed as an argument to the last command specified by an option. This is for POSIX compatibility.
e. Here-document parsing now handles $'...' and $"..." quoting when reading the here-document body.
f. The `shell-expand-line' and `history-and-alias-expand-line' bindable readline commands now understand $'...' and $"..." quoting.
g. There is a new `spell-correct-word' bindable readline command to perform spelling correction on the current word.
h. The `unset' builtin now attempts to treat arguments as array subscripts without parsing or expanding the subscript, even when `assoc_expand_once' is not set.
i. There is a default value for $BASH_LOADABLES_PATH in config-top.h.
j. Associative array assignment and certain instances of referencing (e.g., `test -v' now allow `@' and `*' to be used as keys.
k. Bash attempts to expand indexed array subscripts only once when executing shell constructs and word expansions.
l. The `unset' builtin allows a subscript of `@' or `*' to unset a key with that value for associative arrays instead of unsetting the entire array (which you can still do with `unset arrayname'). For indexed arrays, it removes all elements of the array without unsetting it (like `A=()').
m. Additional builtins (printf/test/read/wait) do a better job of not parsing array subscripts if array_expand_once is set.
n. New READLINE_ARGUMENT variable set to numeric argument for readline commands defined using `bind -x'.
o. The new `varredir_close' shell option causes bash to automatically close file descriptors opened with {var} p. The `$0' special parameter is now set to the name of the script when running any (non-interactive) startup files such as $BASH_ENV.
q. The `enable' builtin tries to load a loadable builtin using the default search path if `enable name' (without any options) attempts to enable a non-existent builtin.
r. The `printf' builtin has a new format specifier: %Q. This acts like %q but applies any specified precision to the original unquoted argument, then quotes and outputs the result.
s. The new `noexpand_translations' option controls whether or not the translated output of $"..." is single-quoted.
t. There is a new parameter transformation operator: @k. This is like @K, but expands the result to separate words after word splitting.
u. There is an alternate array implementation, selectable at `configure' time, that optimizes access speed over memory use (use the new configure --enable-alt-array-implementation option).
v. If an [N]<&WORD- or [N]>&WORD- redirection has WORD expand to the empty string, treat the redirection as [N]<&- or [N]>&- and close file descriptor N (default 0).
w. Invalid parameter transformation operators are now invalid word expansions, and so cause fatal errors in non-interactive shells.
x. New shell option: patsub_replacement. When enabled, a `&' in the replacement string of the pattern substitution expansion is replaced by the portion of the string that matched the pattern. Backslash will escape the `&' and insert a literal `&'.
y. `command -p' no longer looks in the hash table for the specified command.
z. The new `--enable-translatable-strings' option to `configure' allows $"..." support to be compiled in or out.
aa. The new `globskipdots' shell option forces pathname expansion never to return `.' or `..' unless explicitly matched. It is enabled by default.
bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables (declare -n ref='v[@]' ; echo $ref) no longer cause the shell to exit if set -u is enabled and the array (v) is unset.
cc. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'.
dd. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, double otherwise.
ee. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account.
ff. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not currently enabled.
gg. Since there is no `declare -' equivalent of `local -', make sure to use `local -' in the output of `local -p'.
2. New Features in Readline
a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the history library for applications to use.
b. History expansion better understands multiple history expansions that may contain strings that would ordinarily inhibit history expansion (e.g., `abc!$!$').
c. There is a new framework for readline timeouts, including new public functions to set timeouts and query how much time is remaining before a timeout hits, and a hook function that can trigger when readline times out. There is a new state value to indicate a timeout.
d. Automatically bind termcap key sequences for page-up and page-down to history-search-backward and history-search-forward, respectively.
e. There is a new `fetch-history' bindable command that retrieves the history entry corresponding to its numeric argument. Negative arguments count back from the end of the history.
f. `vi-undo' is now a bindable command.
g. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of the active region and bracketed-paste. It has the same default value as bracketed-paste, and enabling bracketed paste enables the active region. Users can now turn off the active region while leaving bracketed paste enabled.
h. rl_completer_word_break_characters is now `const char *' like rl_basic_word_break_characters.
i. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension (*.readline-colored-completion-prefix) and uses that as the default color for the common prefix displayed when `colored-completion-prefix' is set.
j. Two new bindable string variables: active-region-start-color and active-region-end-color. The first sets the color used to display the active region; the second turns it off. If set, these are used in place of terminal standout mode.
k. New readline state (RL_STATE_EOF) and application-visible variable (rl_eof_found) to allow applications to detect when readline reads EOF before calling the deprep-terminal hook.
l. There is a new configuration option: --with-shared-termcap-library, which forces linking the shared readline library with the shared termcap (or curses/ncurses/termlib) library so applications don't have to do it.
m. Readline now checks for changes to locale settings (LC_ALL/LC_CTYPE/LANG) each time it is called, and modifies the appropriate locale-specific display and key binding variables when the locale changes.
-- ``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer ``Ars longa, vita brevis'' - Hippocrates Chet Ramey, UTech, CWRU chet@case.edu http://tiswww.cwru.edu/~chet/

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